FINAL WORDS FROM A FOUNDING FATHER
"Of all the enemies to public liberty war is, perhaps, the most to be dreaded because it
comprises and develops the germ of every other. War is the parent of armies; from these proceed
debts and taxes. And armies, and debts, and taxes are the known instruments for bringing the
many under the domination of the few. In war, too, the discretionary power of the Executive is extended.
Its influence in dealing out offices, honors, and emoluments is multiplied; and all the means of
seducing the minds, are added to those of subduing the force of the people. The same malignant
aspect in republicanism may be traced in the inequality of fortunes, and the opportunities of
fraud, growing out of a state of war...and in the degeneracy of manners and morals, engendered
by both. No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare."
--James Madison,
April 20, 1795